What is water hammer in distribution systems?

Water hammer is a phenomenon in distribution systems characterized by pressure surges that occur when there is a sudden change in the flow of water. This sudden change can happen when a valve is closed quickly, a pump starts or stops, or there is a sudden change in water demand.

The rapid deceleration of the water creates a shock wave that travels through the pipes, leading to a momentary increase in pressure. This can result in loud banging noises in the pipe system, which is where the term "water hammer" originates. The pressure surges can also cause physical stress on pipes and fittings, potentially leading to damage over time.

Understanding the dynamics of water hammer is crucial for designing and maintaining a distribution system to prevent damaging effects and ensure the longevity of the infrastructure.