Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of pipe damage?

Water pressure is a normal operating condition for a distribution pipe and is not inherently a cause of damage. Pipes are designed to withstand specific pressure levels, and as long as the pressure remains within these safe limits, it does not contribute to damage. In fact, proper water pressure is essential for ensuring adequate flow and preventing issues like low pressure or disruptions in service.

In contrast, machinery and tools can cause physical damage through impact or mishandling, particularly during construction or maintenance activities. If heavy machinery is used near the pipes or if tools are carelessly handled in proximity to them, it can lead to cracks or breaks. Similarly, backfill material that is too heavy or improperly compacted can exert excessive pressure on pipes, especially if the soil settles unevenly, leading to deformation or failure. Thus, while water pressure is crucial for pipe functionality, it is not a potential cause of damage when properly managed.